CNC Machining Materials

The CNC machining process is suitable for a variety of engineering materials, including:

• Metal (e.g., aluminum, brass, stainless steel, alloy steel, etc.)
• Plastic (e.g., PEEK, PTFE, nylon, etc.)
• Wood
• Foam
• Composites

The optimal material for selection to apply to a CNC manufacturing application largely depends on the particular application and its specifications. Most materials can be machined if they can withstand the machining process—i.e., have sufficient hardness, tensile strength, shear strength, and chemical and temperature resistance.

The workpiece material and its physical properties are used to determine the optimal cutting speed, cutting feed rate, and depth of cut. Measured in surface feet per minute, the cutting speed refers to how fast the machine tool cuts into or removes material from the workpiece. The feed rate—measured in inches per minute—measures how fast the workpiece is fed toward the machine tool, and the cut depth is how deep the cutting tool cuts into the workpiece. Typically, the workpiece will first undergo an initial phase in which it is roughly machined to the approximate, custom-designed shape and dimensions and then undertake a finishing phase in which it experiences slower feed rates and shallower cut depths to achieve its more precise and accurate specifications.

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